The Journal of Taiji Science (JTS), Includes both print (ISSN 2832-0611) and digital (ISSN 2832-062X) formats. Is a peer-reviewed, open access, indexed journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles, in all areas of psychological health wellness, Sport, medical and Exercise. We welcome contributions from all fields there in, including the humanities. Journals are published used English language.
Vol.3 / June / 2024
ISSN 2832-0611 Print
ISSN 2832-062X Online
Author: Jie Gu 顾杰, Huaixu Li 李怀续, Jianhui Lu 卢建辉
Abstract: ——— The classical winning mechanism in Taiji push-hand is to attack the opponent’s weakness with our strengths. A new software code, which we named “Taiji Master” was developed to calculate Taiji in complicated situations. This program was designed to assist students to learn the correct moves in a graphical method is simple, intuitive and practical manner. The graphical method develops a winning mechanism from the eight movements/philosophies: throw like an arrow; induce to empty; four ounces deflect thousand; optimized strike along connection of the two feet; crotch spiraling to strike narrow stance; crotch turning to assault short stance; waist rotating to beat small stance; buildup advantage to conquer the weak link. Being able to resolve Taiji movements in a mechanical/numerical manner allows the traditional martial arts world to ratify the inheritance of the master; and to allow research studies to determine optimal moves in any specific situation.
DOI: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.01
Link:10.57612/JS24.JTS.01
Author: T. Julian Chu 朱殿蓉 1
1Independent Researcher, Great Falls, Virginia, USA, ORCID: 0000-0002-7223-1620;
Abstract: —— The recent discovery of new historical materials, relating to the “Thirteen-Momentum Martial Arts Manual (十三势拳谱)” which were found at Li Helin’s (李鹤林) former residence in Tang Village (唐村) in 2019, have deepened our understanding of the incomplete “Song of Practicing Thirteen Momentums (十三势行功歌)” and “Taiji Health-Preservation Martial Arts (HPMA) Manual (太极养生功谱)” which were discovered in the Li Family Genealogy in 2003. It has been found that the contents within these documents agree with the authors of the Taijiquan Classics in the two martial arts manuals discovered by Li Lichao’s family in Tang Village, in 2003. The newly discovered information on Wuji HPMA (无极养生功), Taiji HPMA (太极养生功), and their respective practicing postures of thirteen momentums, have proved extremely helpful and it has given us many new clues, which continue to further help us unravel the mystery surrounding the origin of taijiquan. A detailed review of these finds was published earlier in 2023, in this journal, and the purpose of this new paper is to continue to elucidate the content of these historical materials; to explore the development of Tang Village’s Wuji and Taiji martial arts, and to identify their impact on the early inheritance of these forms on various taijiquan sects. In this article, through overlaps that are observed in the unique postural characteristics of the thirteen momentums in the respective Wuji HPMA and Taiji HPMA, the historical relationships between the major taijiquan sects are now revealed.
DOI: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.02
Link:10.57612/JS24.JTS.02
Author: 1-2 Héctor Toledo., PT., 2+ Juan Sandoval., MS., 2Ariel Mancilla, MS., 3Sajad Pourjahani, MS., 4Erik Tan., MS., CSCS, & 5,6,7Samuel Montalvo., Ph.D., CPSS., CSCS, *D.
1Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Kinesiology Department, Clinical Practice. Santiago, Chile; 2Chilean Wushu Federation. Chile; 3Iran Wushu Federation; 4Department of Sports Performance, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia; 5Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; 6Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; 7Stanford Sports Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. Contact: smontal@stanford.edu
Abstract: —This study evaluates hamstring flexibility among junior athletes practicing modern Taolu Wushu using the Sit and Reach test. The cross-sectional analysis included 32 participants, evenly split between members and non-members of the national team. Results demonstrated that national team members exhibited significantly higher flexibility levels compared to their non-team counterparts (p< .01, d = 0.707), highlighting hamstring flexibility as a critical factor for national team selection in Wushu.
DOI: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03
Link:10.57612/JS24.JTS.03
Author: T. Julian Chu 朱殿蓉1, DeYin Li 李德印2, Libing Li 李立炳3, Meizhi Wei 魏美智3
1Independent Researcher, Great Falls, Virginia, USA, ORCID: 0000-0002-7223-1620;
2Retired Professor, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China;
3Retired County Government Official, Boai County, Henan Province, China
Abstract: —Abstract—In this paper the recently recovered records of the Li family are discussed. These records answer man questions surrounding the start of taijiquan. This corrects many prior assumptions, and the documents reveal new insights into how various certain martial arts originally developed.
Author: Lingling Yu于玲玲1, Mingke Zhang张明科1
1Inner Mongolia Normal University, China, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010022
Abstract: —Chinese martial arts both reflect the lifestyle of the Chinese people and serves as an important link in understanding local cultural life in China. With Taijiquan’s recent recognition as an intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO, the guardians of traditional Taijiquan now face the question of what to protect, how to protect, and how to develop and preserve its history. This paper uses literature reviews and logical analysis to resolve the development of Chen-style Taijiquan and explains how traditional Taijiquan has evolved into three different forms; traditional, competitive, and health-oriented. It analyzes the characteristics of the three evolutionary forms and proposes that in this era, the protection and inheritance of traditional Taijiquan as an intangible cultural heritage should highlight the cultural core elements within the Taiji record, and it is necessary to study the effect, and the crucial link between martial arts and health, in order to continue to preserve its legacy, and permit its future developments to all future generations, worldwide.
DOI:10.57612/2023.JTS.02.02
Link:10.57612/2023.JTS.02.02
Author: Jie Gu顾杰1, Huaixu Li李怀续1, Jianhui Lu卢建辉1
1Dept of Taiji Culture College of Handan University
Abstract: —Abstract—Handan Taiji Collage has researched the science of Taiji for many years. In the following is a review of this work. Taiji is now recognized to be a treasure of Chinese martial arts and Chinese culture, but it is important to integrate the ancient poetic descriptions of Taiji with modern science. The classic theory of Taiji is famous for giving a perfect explanation from the qualitative aspect, while leaving very large gaps in the quantitative aspects. This article uses mechanics to describe the defense-offense mechanism of Taiji and applies a scoring-criteria to Taiji for martial arts application. A human body-based math model is established to simulate the defense-offense moves, and dynamic and static formulas for releasing force are derived. To aid these calculations, which can be quite complex, we developed a software program with VBA (Excel visual basic for application), which can be used to calculate the defense and offense capabilities of Taiji and other martial arts.
DOI:10.57612/2023.JTS.02.03
Link:10.57612/2023.JTS.02.03
Author: Dawei Yang杨大卫
Abstract: —Taichiquan has recently came to the attention of the world’s scientific community, and within this community there exists diverse development trends. Based on an analysis of the published research papers within and outside of China, this paper discusses the institutional factors, internal factors and external factors that affect the development of Taijiquan scientific research. From there are three suggestions: First, through establishing a research paradigm based on life science and body experience, we may find the reason why Taijiquan has so many benefits in the physical and mental health for humans. Secondly, we should pay attention to intervention in the whole process of overall medical treatment (this includes preventive-care, general healthcare, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation through Taijiquan health promoting); and third the standardization of the basic concepts of Taijiquan is a rich area for further research that can act as a reference for the future scientific research of Taijiquan.
Author: Dezhao Li李德钊1 Yangtao Ruan阮杨涛1, Fufu Zheng1, Lijuan Si斯丽娟2, and Qiang Lin林强3
1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China. 2Qiantang District Wushu Association, Hangzhou 311225, China. 3Zhejiang University of Technology (correspondence e-mail: qlin@zjut.edu.cn).
Keywords: Tai Chi; Fascia; space structure
Abstract: —Taiji post standing is a supplementary exercise for Taiji, which aids the internal function of the body and brain. Taiji post standing is usually considered to be helpful for human health. However, few studies have explored the mechanism of this exercise using modern measurement devices. This study for the first time explores the effect of Taiji post standing on the human brain with participants wearing EEG signal measurement devices. Based on our studies of participants, who were selected to practice three different Taiji posts, the experimental results provide evidence that standing Taiji posts can help people to relax, and they also found it easier to meditate. It is considered that this method of investigation can also be carried out for other Taiji exercises, and it will be possible to gain a greater understanding of the complex health regulation mechanism of Taiji.
DOI:10.57612/2022.JTS.01.01
Link:10.57612/2022.JTS.01.01
Author: Julian Chu 朱殿蓉
1Independent Researcher and Taijiquan Instructor (correspondence e-mail: tjulianchu@gmail.com)
Keywords: Qigong, college students, personality, mental health, intervention.
Abstract: Taijiquan can handle incoming forces with minimal effort and it can overcome hardness with softness. This claim is sometimes viewed suspiciously because ordinary people cannot execute the internal force of Taijiquan. Relaxation can
enhance stability and rooting can help facilitate selfdefense. This claim often causes confusion because ordinary people are unfamiliar with these concepts. In the following, the author cites ancient Taijiquan Classics and reviews scientific literature to discuss a better way for Taijiquan training for health, and to help reveal an effective way of Taijiquan application for self-defense. Martial application is a complex process, and involves converting the mechanically disadvantaged systems in the human body to be more efficient and effective mechanisms. As a martial art for self-defense, Taijiquan is most challenging for practitioners when it comes to quickly receiving a strong oncoming force and effectively launching “Jin” after neutralization. The biomechanical aspects of Taijiquan martial art are evaluated in terms of motional control; the six degrees of freedom in motion; maintaining a central equilibrium; biotensegrity formation; the living fulcrum and leverage utilization; ground reaction force enhancement; and body kinetic chain manipulation. In this paper, the mysterious “Qi” and “Jin” are scientifically defined, to help users understand the essence of Taijiquan.
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.02
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.02
Author: Tao Kang康涛¹ Guo-yong Wang² Wei-bao Wang³
¹Guangzhou Cadre Health Management Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530; 2P.E Department of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275; 3School of Wushu, Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500
Keywords: The Belt and Road Initiative; Health Qigong; International Communication
Abstract: The concept of Taiji (Tai-chi), consisting of Yin and Yang, originates from the ancient Yijng (Iching), the Book of Changes. It is the traditional metaphysical Law of China, and has been described as Dao (Tao) or “The Way.” Two years ago, in December, 2020, Taijiquan (the fighting system of Taiji) was recognized and accepted as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This study reviews the Taijiquan technique for assisting in life and wellness, and presents a brief review of the effect of Cardio Taiji on blood pressure.
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.03
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.03
Author: C.P. Ong王宗平¹
¹Independent Researcher Potomac, Maryland, USA. www.cpTaiji.com, Correspondence: cpTaiji@gmail.com
Keywords: Taijiquan, biomechanics, martial application, internal force, relaxation, central equilibrium, body integration, biotensegrity, levers, ground reaction force, kinetic chains
Abstract: We present in this following paper a verse-by-verse translation of the Taijiquan Discourse, with annotations in the framework of biomechanics. In the text, dongjin 懂劲 the “comprehension of jin” crystallizes as a central concept. Dongjin can be viewed as how the body comprehends, and interacts functionally with force. While the body relates to force by its strength and functionality, the Taiji body, is considered to be instilled with dongjin, and perceives the force associated with jin (劲) as “soft” (rou) and “hard” (gang), which correspond to the vector quantities of the force, namely, direction and magnitude. In most cases the common response to an attacking force is to fight back, in a direct forceagainst-force interaction, which creates a “double weighted” conditions (shuangzhong 双重) that tenses up, and traps the body from being able to maneuver. This renders the body vulnerable. Dongjin enables the body to respond to the incoming force by making postural adjustments to receive force at an angle, at the moment of impact, thus deflecting and mitigating it. In other words, the body uses the rou component (softness) to absorb and neutralize the incoming force. Also, dongjin accords liveliness and spontaneity in the response of rou and gang, which is a fundamental feature of martial skills. Dongjin is more comprehensive than perceiving force as a vector; it enables the body to use the dynamics of rou and gang functionally in its application, with great efficacy. Dongjin forms the biomechanical basis for Taijiquan’s key strategy of responding with rou-softness in martial interactions (yi rou wei zhu 以柔为主).
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.04
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.04
Author: Chi-hsiu D Weng¹, Timothy S. Tin²
US Collegiate Taiji Federation
Keywords: Yin & Yang, Balance, Holistic Healing, Wellness Continuum, Security, Cardio Exercise, Harmony, Tao/Dao, The Way
Abstract:
The concept of Taiji (Tai-chi), consisting of Yin and Yang, originates from the ancient Yijng (Iching), the Book of Changes. It is the traditional metaphysical Law of China, and has been described as Dao (Tao) or “The Way.” Two years ago, in December, 2020, Taijiquan (the fighting system of Taiji) was recognized and accepted as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This study reviews the Taijiquan technique for assisting in life and wellness, and presents a brief review of the effect of Cardio Taiji on blood pressure.
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.05
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.05
Author: Zili Xu 许自立¹*, Juan ChenC陈娟²
Zili Xu, Landscape Architecture Department, School of architecture, South China University of Technology
Juan Chen,Guangzhou Chen Zhenglei Taijiquan Hall,
Keywords: Tai Chi; Fascia; space structure
Abstract: This paper analyzes the spatial structure and movement characteristics of bones in Taiji movement, and puts forward the viewpoint that the human body forms a “rigid and flexible” coupled movement force system with the bones and fascia during Taiji movement, and this relates to the structural forces experiences by the human body in Taiji movement. In Taiji movement, the fascia wraps and connects bones in series. This forms a rigid flexible coupling prestressed ……
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.06
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.06
Author:Lingling Yu于玲玲¹*, Xiaolei Liu²*, Yunbi Shou³, Bingcan Wang4
¹Institute of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010010, China; 2Baduanjin Culture Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 3Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China; 4School of Mathematics and Statistics, Tianshui Normal University,
Tianshui 741001, China (Corresponding Author: Xiaolei Liu, Email: liuxiaolei99@hotmail.com)
Keywords: Tai Chi; Fascia; space structure
Abstract: This paper analyzes the spatial structure and movement characteristics of bones in Taiji movement, and puts forward the viewpoint that the human body forms a “rigid and flexible” coupled movement force system with the bones and fascia during Taiji movement, and this relates to the structural forces experiences by the human body in Taiji movement. In Taiji movement, the fascia wraps and connects bones in series. This forms a rigid flexible coupling prestressed ……3
DOI: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.07
Link: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.07
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